Extractor: pypdf | Pages: 45
Milan Local Division COURT OF FIRST INSTANCE OF THE UNIFIED PATENT COURT UPC CFI no. 178/2024, no. 432/2024 DECISION delivered on 27 October 2025 HEADNOTES 1. An invention is to be considered part of the state of the art when it is found clearly integrally, directly and unambiguously in one single piece of prior art and it is identical in its constituent elements, in the same form, with the same arrangement and the same features. This principle applies also when a novelty attack is based on a single piece of prior art made available to the public by use. 2. When assessing whether or not the claimed subject-matter involves an inventive step, the technical problem must be derived from effects directly and causally related to the technical features of the claimed invention. An effect cannot b ...